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George Reeves in Costume as Superman    Those of us from other older decades remember the first real superhero. His "acting" name was George Reeves but to we kids and our parents he was simply known as Superman.
     Millions would rush home from school and turn on the television so that we could watch our hero in his personal war against injustice. George Reeves was a man, Superman was a legend. His legacy has lived on in films and the media and in our hearts and minds. How many of we young boys wished to have the power and abilities that Superman possessed? He was the beginning of a culture that has spanned my lifetime and will in all probability exceed it, if only for his place in history. Yet the man [George Reeves] on the night of June 16, 1959 between 1:30 and 2:00 a.m. supposedly took his own life by firing a bullet into his brain. On that night the legacy of Superman did not die, merely the man. At the time of his death he was 45 years old. So many questions remain unanswered. Many who knew him claimed that he was not happy with being Superman. Not happy with the "typecast" that would forever surround him making any venture into other films apparently useless.George Reeves and Toni Mannix
    In his home that evening, a home bought for him by his former companion and girlfriend Toni Mannix were Leonore Lemmon, William Bliss, Carol Van Ronkel and the writer Robert Condon. Carol Van Ronkel was married to Rip Van Ronkel a man many years her senior. He was a screenwriter where they shared a home just a few houses away from Reeves.
     What you are about to read with exception to the "facts" reported on varying websites can not be substantiated. The participants long gone, dead and buried but some questions come to my mind as I finally delve into the life of my first and possibly only hero, Superman.

1. It was reported that on the evening that Reeves took his own life he had a heated argument with his then fiance, Leonore Lemmon during the early evening while dining and drinking with the writer Robert Condon who was in their company.

    However Leonore Lemmon said that she and George had not argued and in fact were at a wrestling event that evening. However this was not substantiated by Robert Condon or a friend of Reeves, Gene LaBell who was wrestling that night and told Reeves biographer (Jim Beaver) that he did not see George or Leonore in attendance at the matches. What reason would Lemmon have for denying such an event happened? Why would she have put her word again Condon or LaBell? What would be a motivation for such a response?


2. It is documented that the Los Angeles Police Department arrived at the scene within the hour.

    The house-guests did not report the incident for 45 minutes to 1 hour afterward. The time line then of response time has to be within 1 1/2 to 2 hours after the fatal shot. In this I'm not sure of my interpretation of the reading of this incident and whether the response time is exclusive of the reporting time?


3. The sequence of events according to witness statements went as follows. Reeves, Lemmon and Condon arrive at Reeve's house. They continue to socialize for a time and shortly thereafter Reeves heads upstairs to his bedroom. At sometime close to midnight Carol Van Ronkel and William Bliss arrive at which time the socializing begins anew. It was stated that Reeves came down from his bedroom complaining of the noise. His mood was said to range from annoyed to angry. Apparently his mood lightened and he joined the four and had a drink while settling his mood. But when he went back upstairs he was said to have still been in a "bad" mood.

    If anything could be said of George Reeves it was that despite his perceived failures in the movie industry he was a very light-hearted guy. He was known to pull practical jokes with the cast and crew on the set and also when off-camera he would try to get the other members of the cast to fall out of character by making faces and "mugging" at them. Although we all fall into bad moods it does not seem characteristic of someone of a generous and fun nature to find a bad mood within the confines of his own home. Also, according to records he and Lemmon were due to marry on June 19, 1959 just three days hence. One would wonder why this "bad" mood as characterized by the other members of this party had occurred? If in fact it was due to the argument that Reeves and Lemmon had during the earlier part of the evening as reported by Condon but denied by Lemmon what then would prompt such a discrepancy?


4. It was written that Reeves had received as a gift a 9mm Ruger pistol from Toni Mannix some years earlier when at the height of their relationship. It was this pistol that was found on the floor between his feet. According to police report the guests heard a single gunshot whereupon Bliss ran upstairs finding Reeves dead. In reports it was said that Reeves was naked, face-up and lying across the bed. This would have been the case if he had been sitting on his bed when he fired the single, fatal shot. He would have simply fallen back onto the bed.

    The 9mm shell casing was found under the body on the bed? Depending on the ejection port of this 9mm and the hand used it is certainly possible that the bullet casing could have fallen first and arrived onto the bed before the body. But only in the consistency of physics if he had been sitting up. If he was lying down as was reported then the bullets final resting place would thus be inconsistent.

5. It is no surprise that the statements of all concerned were congruent given the amount of time before the L.A.P.D. arrived at the scene. One has to wonder about the gap in time before contacting the Police. In a normal situation in today's forensic and investigative procedures that lapse of 45 minutes to an hour before the reporting would have certainly been suspect if only to maintain corroborated stories. However, the Police accepted the delay citing everything from the level of intoxication of the house guests to the lateness of the hour which we know or can assume was one hour later than their reporting.

    None of the witnesses made any apology for the delay in reporting following the sound of the shot. The reasons given by the police and press cited their individual inebriated state, the shock of the death and the lateness of the hour. Yet, according also to statement upon hearing the shot Bliss ran upstairs and found the body? I will assume a few things here. The shock would have been more intense in the minutes following discovery? That the statement that Bliss "ran" upstairs following the sound of the shot would have invited the other members of the household to make the same discovery but apparently they did not? Why would it have been Bliss to make the discovery? Also, why does it seem that Leonore Lemmon, the supposed fiance to Reeves who made several statements regarding his "state of mind" and depression do nothing on that evening?

This is a direct passage from Wikipedia on the death of George Reeves:
Lenore Lemmon Publicity Photo"In contemporary news articles, Lemmon attributed Reeve's apparent suicide to depression caused by his "failed career" and inability to find more work. The police report states, "[Reeves was]... depressed because he couldn't get the sort of parts he wanted." Newspapers and wire-service reports frequently misquoted LAPD Sergeant V.A. Peterson, as quoting Lemmon: "Miss Lemmon blurted, 'He's probably going to go shoot himself.' A noise was heard upstairs. She continued, 'He's opening a drawer to get the gun.' A shot was heard. 'See, I told you so.'"' However, this statement may have been embellished by journalists. Lemmon and her friends were downstairs at the time of the shot with music playing. It would be nearly impossible to hear a drawer opening in the upstairs bedroom. Lemmon later claimed that she'd never said anything so specific, but rather had made an offhand remark along the lines of "Oh, he'll probably go shoot himself now.""

Regardless of what was said it is questionable about certain things. One the music and volume? Another is Ms Lemmons "offhanded" comment? It begs the question again as to the calculated and cool nature of Leonore Lemmon a woman who was in her words just 3 days shy of her marriage to George Reeves. Her apathetic statements and state of mind beg the question of her validity of feelings toward George Reeves. Not to forget two other items of note. The first was after the reading of the will Ms Lemmon stated, "Toni got a house for charity, and I got a broken heart"." For this broken heart she did manage to leave within days of the event never to return to California.

    In the movie Hollywoodland three "visions" of Reeves death are played out in the mind of Adrian Brody who played the private detective investigating Reeves death. Brody was portraying a real life investigator named, Milo Speriglio who worked for the Nick Harris Detective Agency. In the movie Brody is portrayed as an independent investigator who is nothing short of money hungry and has little interest in assisting his clients. I would not know whether this is an accurate description of the real life Speriglio.

The three different versions played out in the movie:

That Reeves was shot in an argument with Lemmon.
That Reeves was killed by Toni Mannix or an agent acting on her behalf.
That Reeves shot himself and the suicide was accurate.

These versions have been disputed for years with no real answers.

Speriligo found the following "evidence" in his own investigation. The agency was hired by Reeves mother who did not believe that her son would have taken his own life. Other than what has been mentioned earlier this is the additional evidence.

  • No fingerprints were found on the gun. But then it was claimed that the gun had been recently cleaned and as such was heavily oiled so that fingerprints would not stick.
  • There were no powder burns on the head wound, which would imply the gun was held several inches from the head at the time it was fired. This is unusual for a suicide. The victim usually has the gun held directly against the head.
  • His hands were not tested for gunpowder residue, so that's no help one way or the other.
  • Other bruises were found on his body?
  • Two additional bullet holes were found in the floor. Ms Lemmon claimed that they were made several days before the actual event while playing around with the Ruger.
    Some have said throughout the years that Reeves was despondent over the cancellation of Superman and his bleak outlook for new prospects due to the typecast. Yet Superman had been revived and Reeves accepted the role after being offered a salary increase and more creative control over the series.

    Phyllis Coates who would play Lois Lane from the second season to the last remarked that she'd seen Reeves two days prior to his death and seemed very happy. She did not think that Reeves had any reason to kill himself. Jack Larson also was not a believer in the suicide theory. Both without any other investigative knowledge and due to the rapid closing of the case had to accept the version that all America accepted. Superman was not, "faster than a speeding bullet."

    Now I would like to propose something entirely off the wall. Again this is not a proven, nor is it a given but certainly raised my curiosity!

    Camille Antoinette Lanier (Toni) was first a mistress of and later on May 31, 1951 married M-G-M studio executive Edward J. (EJ) Mannix. Their marriage lasted until Eddie's death in 1963. Afterward Toni never remarried. Some say that she was devoted the rest of her life to the memory of George Reeves going to the extremes of having pictures of him all over her house.

    Life in Hollywood was replete with deception and in some ways the deceit continues on different levels. The stars that graced the silver screen were never to be shown in a harsh or indifferent light to the American public. The movies were America's lifeline, a way for an ordinary citizen to escape for even a short time the problems of the country and brought into a world of imaginations creation. Scandal and impropriety could not and would not be tolerated. The studios made vested interests in their properties and for many years the top studio properties were the human flesh that graced the silver screens across the United States. The industry needed investigators and fixers, it needed problem solvers and publicists it needed to hide the indiscretions of its property from the public. Studios were a business and their business was selling the faces and bodies of those actors and actresses that made the movies that made the money thereby perpetuating the ultimate need to control those lives that promoted the profits of the studios.

    Edward J. (EJ) MannixEdward J. (EJ) Mannix was a studio head and also was one of the "fixers" for the Metro Goldwyn Mayer studios. Mannix became the Vice-President of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and allegedly had connections to gangs and the underworld. As this is not proven it remains in the realm of gossip and speculation even though it was probable. His first wife died under mysterious circumstances. She was killed in a "make-believe high speed car crash" in the year 1937. Mannix was implicated but never charged for his wife's death.

        Rumors also talked of his involvement or complicity in the "fixing" of the death of Ted Healy who as history will show was the first head of the Three Stooges before the Howard brothers and Larry Fine produced their own act. It is said that Pat DiCicco, Albert R. Broccoli and Wallace Beery beat the comedian to death in the parking lot of the Trocadero nightclub in 1937. The only verifiable happenstance is that Beery left for Europe for several months after Healy's death. Along with Mannix was Howard Strickling, another "fixer" of the M-G-M machine who assisted in the possible cover-up of Healy's demise. His death was credited to "college students" that Healy had somehow slighted that night in the parking lot. It was not a story that would be hard to sell given Healy's known love for the drink and his perchance to fits of violence.

    These two "unsolved mysteries" bring me to the research of a death that interested me the most in the possible implication of Mannix and Strickland to the possible involvement in the death of George Reeves, a.k.a. Superman, a little known producer whose biggest claim to fame would be as the only spouse of one of the studios hottest properties, Jean Harlow. His name was Paul Bern.

         On July 2, 1932 Paul Bern married the Platinum Bombshell and now considered one of the great film legends Jean Harlow. Their union would be short-lived however when Bern was found dead, an apparent suicide on September 5, 1932 a little more than 2 months after their marriage. He was 42 years old, Harlow was just 22 years old at the time. She would die a sudden death at the young age of 26 from renal failure in June of 1937.

    According to the studio Bern was impotent and took his life because of his inability to consummate his union with Harlow. This was the story given to the Police, the Grand Jury and to the American Public. A suicide note was found that said, "Dearest Dear, Unfortunately this is the only way to make good the frightful wrong I have done you and to wipe out my abject humiliation, I Love you. Paul   You understand that last night was only a comedy"

    Now here is what is most interesting. First the suicide note was not in Bern's handwriting. Second, his spouse Harlow refused to talk about the death of her husband in anyway to anyone for the rest of her life. Third, Bern was found, naked in his home having shot himself in the head. EJ Mannix Metro-Goldwyn-Mayers studio executive and "fixer" was considered a "prime suspect." Paul Bern like George Reeves really had nothing to die for. At least much less to die for than they had to live for. Bern and Irving Thalberg had produced the film "Grand Hotel" for MGM which won the Oscar for "Best Picture" in 1931-1932. Twenty-seven years later George Reeves would also be found naked and dead by a "self-inflicted" gunshot wound? I find the parallels not as deceptive as the studio stories. Could it be that EJ Mannix ordered the death of Bern and then those 27 years later Reeves? It certainly makes sense considering the "emotive" reasoning of EJ. He adored Toni and despite their mutual indiscretions remained loyal to each other in the bond of marriage until Eddie's death in '63. Toni never remarried but remained loyal to Reeves for the rest of her life. Why would she, even in her jealousy want Reeves dead? EJ had a good reason for wanting Reeves dead, he had hurt and humiliated Toni which of course hurt and humiliated him. Both Mannix's were beloved in the film community. Once when Clark Gable was asked if he'd signed a new contract with MGM he replied, "I don't need a contract, I shook Eddie Mannix's hand!" We must however remember that all of us have a world of secrets inside us. All of us are capable of emotional distraught. The unusual death of George Reeves may never really be solved. Time has marched forward and the law enforcement units of Los Angeles have enough to do with the current caseload without adding the burden of innuendo and myth in opening a case that is now 50 years old. However it would not be a surprise if we were able to go back into time and correct the errors in that investigation which would show "someone" responsible for Reeves death other than himself. It would have been interesting to have interviewed that one final time before the onset of Alzheimer's Toni Mannix to see if she would have opened up her book of secrets in the possibility of making a wrong right again. History will never know. I miss you Superman . . . God's speed to whatever your destination and Thank-You from a boy now man who still believes in "Truth, Justice and the American Way."
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    Original Quote R.J. Maharry
    For too long I've messed with the wiring in my head. Now it shorts out more oft than not. But at my age I just sit and enjoy the sparks.  RJM '07

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